Skin Effects It is difficult for electromagnetic waves to penetrate into a conductor because of severe impedance matching. The impedance of a conductor is given by where sigma (Siemens/m) is the conductivity. Noting we may write Even in microwave frequency regime, this is much smaller than the impedance of free space (377Ohms) because of large value of conductivity of ordinary conductors. The imaginary part of theimpedance indicates strong dissipation of electromagnetic energy into heat. This quantity is called the "skin depth." When a dc field is suddenly applied to a conductor, the filed will eventually fully penetrate but it takes about for the field to do so. Here, a is a characteristic size of a conductor (e.g., thickness of slab, radius of sphere, etc.) This is called "skin time." with(plots): with(plots): |
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